Nau'in masu watsa matsi

Sauƙaƙan gabatarwar kai na mai watsa matsi

A matsayin na'urar firikwensin matsa lamba wanda abin fitarwa shine sigina na yau da kullun, mai jigilar matsa lamba shine kayan aiki wanda ke karɓar canjin matsa lamba kuma ya canza shi zuwa siginar fitarwa daidai gwargwado. Yana iya canza ma'aunin matsi na jiki na gas, ruwa, da dai sauransu da aka ji ta hanyar firikwensin nauyin kaya zuwa daidaitattun siginonin lantarki (kamar 4-20mADC, da dai sauransu) don samar da kayan aiki na biyu kamar alamar ƙararrawa, masu rikodin rikodi, masu sarrafawa, da dai sauransu don aunawa da nunawa Kuma tsarin tsari.

Rarraba masu watsa matsi

Yawancin lokaci ana rarraba masu watsa matsin lamba da muke magana akai bisa ga ka'ida:
Masu watsa matsi na capacitive, masu watsa matsi na juriya, masu watsawa inductive matsa lamba, masu watsa matsa lamba na semiconductor, da masu watsa matsi na piezoelectric don ma'auni mai girma. Daga cikin su, masu watsa matsi na juriya sun fi amfani da su. Mai watsa matsi mai ƙarfi yana ɗaukar mai watsawa na 3051S na Rosemount a matsayin wakilin samfuran ƙarshe.

Ana iya raba masu watsa matsi zuwa karfe, yumbu, siliki mai yaduwa, silicon monocrystalline, sapphire, fim ɗin sputtered, da dai sauransu bisa ga abubuwan da aka haɗa da matsa lamba.

• Mai watsa matsi na ƙarfe yana da ƙarancin daidaito, amma yana da ɗan tasirin zafin jiki, kuma ya dace da wuraren da ke da faffadan zafin jiki da ƙananan buƙatun daidaito.
• Na'urori masu auna matsa lamba na yumbu suna da ingantacciyar daidaito, amma zafin jiki ya fi shafar su. Har ila yau, yumbura yana da amfani da juriya na tasiri da juriya na lalata, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a fagen amsawa.
• Daidaiton watsawar matsin lamba na silicon da aka watsar yana da girma sosai, kuma yanayin zafin jiki shima babba ne, don haka ana buƙatar diyya gabaɗaya kafin a iya amfani da shi. Bugu da ƙari, ko da bayan ƙimar zafin jiki, matsa lamba sama da 125 ° C ba za a iya auna ba. Koyaya, a cikin zafin jiki, ƙimar ƙimar siliki mai yaduwa ya ninka sau 5 na yumbu, don haka ana amfani dashi gabaɗaya a fagen ma'aunin madaidaici.
• Mai watsa matsi na silicon crystal guda ɗaya shine mafi ingancin firikwensin a aikin masana'antu. Sigar siliki ce da aka haɓaka. Tabbas, ana kuma inganta farashin. A halin yanzu, Yokogawa na Japan shine wakilin a fagen matsin silicon monocrystalline.
• Mai watsa matsa lamba na sapphire ba shi da damuwa ga canje-canjen zafin jiki, kuma yana da kyawawan halaye na aiki ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai girma; sapphire yana da juriya mai ƙarfi sosai; babu pn drift; zai iya aiki kullum a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayin aiki kuma abin dogara Babban aiki, daidaito mai kyau, kuskuren zafin jiki kaɗan, da babban aikin gabaɗaya.
• Mai watsa matsa lamba na bakin ciki na bakin ciki ba ya ƙunshe da wani mannewa, kuma yana nuna kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci da aminci fiye da firikwensin ma'aunin ma'auni; zafi yana da ƙasa da tasiri: lokacin da zafin jiki ya canza 100 ℃, drift sifili shine kawai 0.5%. Ayyukan zafinsa ya fi na firikwensin matsin lamba na silicon; Bugu da kari, yana iya tuntuɓar kai tsaye tare da manyan kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata.

Ka'idoji na nau'ikan masu watsa matsi daban-daban

• Ka'idar mai watsa matsi na capacitive.

Lokacin da matsa lamba ya yi aiki kai tsaye a saman ma'auni na diaphragm, diaphragm yana haifar da ƙananan lalacewa. Babban madaidaicin da'ira akan diaphragm mai aunawa yana canza wannan ƙaramin nakasar zuwa madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki daidai da matsa lamba da daidaitaccen ƙarfin kuzari. Sigina, sannan yi amfani da keɓaɓɓen guntu don juyar da wannan siginar ƙarfin lantarki zuwa siginar masana'antu na yanzu 4-20mA ko siginar ƙarfin lantarki 1-5V.

• Ka'idar watsawar siliki matsa lamba

Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici yana aiki kai tsaye akan diaphragm na firikwensin (yawanci diaphragm na 316L), yana haifar da diaphragm don samar da ƙaramin matsuguni daidai da matsa lamba na matsakaici, canza ƙimar juriya na firikwensin, da gano shi tare da da'irar Wheatstone Wannan canji, da juyawa da fitar da siginar ma'auni daidai da wannan matsa lamba.

• Ka'ida ta monocrystalline silicon matsa lamba

Ana gina na'urori masu auna matsi na piezoresistive ta amfani da tasirin piezoresistive na silicon crystal guda ɗaya. Ana amfani da wafer siliki guda ɗaya azaman sinadari na roba. Lokacin da matsa lamba ya canza, siliki kristal guda ɗaya yana haifar da damuwa, don haka juriya da aka watsar da ita kai tsaye yana haifar da canji daidai da ma'aunin da aka auna, sa'an nan kuma ana samun siginar fitowar wutar lantarki daidai ta hanyar kewayen gada.

• Ka'idar jigilar yumbura

Matsin lamba yana aiki kai tsaye akan gaban gaban yumburagm ɗin yumbu, yana haifar da ɗan lahani na diaphragm. An buga fim ɗin mai kauri mai kauri a baya na diaphragm na yumbu kuma an haɗa shi da gadar Wheatstone ( gada mai rufewa) saboda tasirin piezoresistive na varistor, Gadar tana haifar da siginar wutar lantarki mai tsayi mai tsayi daidai da matsa lamba kuma daidai da ƙarfin ƙarfin kuzari. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da su don auna matsi na iska, ana amfani da ƙarin yumbu.

• Ka'idar jigilar ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'auni

Mafi yawan amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'auni sune ma'aunin juriya na ƙarfe da ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ɗabi'a. Ma'aunin juriya na ƙarfe nau'i ne na na'ura mai mahimmanci wanda ke canza canjin nau'in gwajin zuwa siginar lantarki. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan waya da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan foil ɗin ƙarfe. Yawancin lokaci ma'aunin ma'aunin yana ɗaure tam zuwa matrix iri-iri ta hanyar mannewa ta musamman. Lokacin da matrix ɗin ya sami canjin damuwa, ma'aunin juriya shima yana lalacewa, ta yadda ƙimar juriya na ma'aunin ma'aunin ya canza, ta yadda wutar lantarkin da ake amfani da ita ta canza. Masu watsa ma'aunin ma'auni ba su da yawa a kasuwa.

• Mai watsa matsi na sapphire

Mai watsa matsi na sapphire yana amfani da ƙa'idar aiki na juriya, yana ɗaukar madaidaicin madaidaicin silica-sapphire, kuma yana jujjuya siginar matsa lamba zuwa madaidaicin siginar lantarki ta hanyar keɓaɓɓiyar da'irar amplifier.

• Mai watsa matsi na fim

Fasahar microelectronics ce ke ƙera matsi mai matsewa, yana samar da gadar Wheatstone tabbatacciya kuma tsayayye akan saman diaphragm na bakin karfe na roba. Lokacin da matsa lamba na matsakaicin aunawa yana aiki akan diaphragm na bakin karfe na roba, gadar Wheatstone a daya gefen yana samar da siginar fitarwa na lantarki daidai da matsa lamba. Saboda kyakkyawan juriya na tasiri, ana amfani da fina-finai da aka zubar a lokuta da yawa tare da tasirin matsa lamba, irin su kayan aikin ruwa.

Kariyar zaɓin matsi mai matsa lamba

• Zaɓin ƙimar kewayon matsa lamba:

Da farko ƙayyade iyakar ƙimar ma'auni a cikin tsarin. Gabaɗaya magana, kuna buƙatar zaɓar mai watsawa tare da kewayon matsa lamba wanda ya fi girma kusan sau 1.5 fiye da matsakaicin ƙimar, ko barin matsakaicin matsa lamba na yau da kullun ya faɗi akan mai watsa matsi. 1/3 ~ 2/3 na kewayon al'ada kuma hanya ce ta gama gari.

• Wani irin matsa lamba:

Ruwa mai ɗorewa da laka za su toshe tashoshin matsa lamba. Za su kaushi ko abubuwa masu lalata su lalata kayan da ke cikin mai watsawa waɗanda ke hulɗa kai tsaye tare da waɗannan kafofin watsa labarai.
Kayan na'urar watsawa ta gaba ɗaya wanda ke tuntuɓar matsakaici shine 316 bakin karfe. Idan matsakaici ba mai lalacewa ba ne zuwa 316 bakin karfe, to, m duk masu watsa matsa lamba sun dace don auna matsa lamba na matsakaici;
Idan matsakaicin ya lalace zuwa bakin karfe 316, ya kamata a yi amfani da hatimin sinadari, kuma a yi amfani da ma'aunin kaikaice. Idan an yi amfani da bututun capillary da aka cika da man siliki don jagorantar matsa lamba, zai iya hana mai watsa matsa lamba daga lalata kuma ya tsawaita rayuwar mai watsa matsi.

• Nawa daidaiton mai watsawa ke buƙata:

An ƙayyade daidaito ta hanyar: rashin layi, hysteresis, rashin maimaituwa, zafin jiki, ma'auni na sifili, da zafin jiki. Mafi girman daidaito, mafi girman farashin. Gabaɗaya, daidaiton watsawar siliki mai watsawa shine 0.5 ko 0.25, kuma mai ɗaukar ƙarfin siliki ko monocrystalline mai watsa matsa lamba yana da daidaiton 0.1 ko ma 0.075.

• Haɗin tsarin watsawa:

Gabaɗaya, ana shigar da masu watsa matsi akan bututu ko tankuna. Tabbas, an shigar da ƙananan ɓangaren su kuma ana amfani da su tare da mita masu gudana. Yawancin nau'ikan shigarwa guda uku na masu watsa matsa lamba: zaren, flange, da manne. Sabili da haka, kafin zaɓar mai watsa matsi, dole ne kuma a yi la'akari da haɗin tsarin. Idan an zare shi, ya zama dole don ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun zaren. Don flanges, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da ƙayyadaddun flange na diamita mara kyau.

Gabatarwar masana'antar watsa matsi

Kimanin kasashe 40 a duniya suna gudanar da bincike da samar da na'urori masu auna firikwensin, wanda Amurka, Japan, da Jamus sune yankunan da ke da firikwensin firikwensin. Ƙasashen uku tare suna da fiye da kashi 50% na kasuwar firikwensin duniya.

A halin yanzu, kasuwar watsa matsi a cikin ƙasata babbar kasuwa ce mai yawan kasuwa. Koyaya, babban matsayi shine ƙasashen waje waɗanda Emerson, Yokogawa, Siemens, da sauransu ke wakilta. Samfuran sunaye suna da kusan kashi 70% na rabon kasuwa kuma suna da cikakkiyar fa'ida a manyan ayyukan injiniya masu girma da matsakaici.

Wannan dai ya biyo bayan matakin da kasarta ta dauka tun da farko kan dabarun “kasuwar fasaha”, wanda ya yi matukar tasiri ga kamfanonin kasar ta, kuma a lokaci guda, wasu masana’antun, wadanda kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na kasar Sin ke wakilta, cikin natsuwa sun bayyana suna kara karfi. Kasuwar jigilar matsa lamba ta kasar Sin nan gaba tana cike da sabbin abubuwan da ba a sani ba.