Shin Zazzabi Yana Taimakawa Wutar Lantarki da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru?

Lantarkiconductivitytsaye a matsayin aasali sigaa cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, sunadarai, da injiniyan zamani, suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci a fannoni daban-daban,daga masana'anta mai girma zuwa madaidaicin microelectronics. Muhimmancinsa ya samo asali ne daga alaƙar sa kai tsaye zuwa aiki, inganci, da amincin tsarin lantarki da na zafi marasa adadi.

Wannan bayanin dalla-dalla yana aiki azaman jagora mai mahimmanci don fahimtar ƙaƙƙarfan dangantaka tsakaninlantarki watsin (σ), thermal watsin(κ), da zafin jiki (T). Bugu da ƙari kuma, za mu binciko cikin tsari bisa ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a na nau'ikan kayan abu daban-daban, kama daga masu gudanarwa na yau da kullun zuwa ƙwararrun semiconductor da insulators, irin su azurfa, zinari, jan ƙarfe, ƙarfe, mafita, da roba, waɗanda ke cike gibin da ke tsakanin ilimin ka'idar da aikace-aikacen masana'antu na gaske.

Bayan kammala wannan karatun, za a sanye ku da ƙaƙƙarfan fahimtar fahimtanadaalakar zafin jiki, aiki mai ƙarfi, da zafi.

Kundin Abubuwan da ke ciki:

1. Shin zafin jiki yana shafar ƙarfin lantarki?

2. Shin zafin jiki yana shafar yanayin zafi?

3. Alakar da ke tsakanin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki

4. Conductivity vs chloride: key bambance-bambance

I. Shin zafin jiki yana shafar aikin lantarki?

Tambayar, "Shin zafin jiki yana shafar aiki?" aka amsa da gaske: E.Zazzabi yana haifar da tasiri mai mahimmanci, abin dogara ga kayan aiki akan duka wutar lantarki da yanayin zafi.A cikin aikace-aikacen injiniya mai mahimmanci daga watsa wutar lantarki zuwa aikin firikwensin, yanayin zafin jiki da alaƙar gudanarwa suna ba da bayanin aikin ɓangarorin, ƙimar inganci, da amincin aiki.

Ta yaya zafin jiki ke shafar aiki?

Zazzabi yana canza aiki ta hanyar canzawayadda sauƙimasu cajin kaya, kamar electrons ko ions, ko zafi suna motsawa ta hanyar abu. Tasirin ya bambanta ga kowane nau'in abu. Ga dai yadda yake aiki, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sarari:

1.Karfe: conductivity yana raguwa tare da hauhawar zafin jiki

Duk karafa suna gudana ta hanyar electrons kyauta waɗanda ke gudana cikin sauƙi a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun. Lokacin zafi, atom ɗin ƙarfe suna girgiza sosai. Wadannan jijjiga suna aiki kamar cikas, suna watsar da electrons kuma suna rage gudu.

Musamman, wutar lantarki da zafin zafin jiki suna raguwa a hankali yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Kusa da zafin jiki, yawan aiki yana faɗuwa ta~ 0.4% ta 1 ° C tashi.Da bambanci,lokacin da zazzabi ya kai 80 ° C,karafa rasa25-30%na asali conductivity.

Ana yaɗa wannan ƙa'idar a cikin sarrafa masana'antu, alal misali, wurare masu zafi suna rage amintaccen ƙarfin halin yanzu a cikin wayoyi da ƙananan watsawar zafi a cikin tsarin sanyaya.

2. A cikin Semiconductors: haɓakawa yana ƙaruwa da zafin jiki

Semiconductors suna farawa da electrons daure a cikin tsarin kayan. A ƙananan zafin jiki, kaɗan ne za su iya motsawa don ɗaukar halin yanzu.Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, zafi yana ba wa electrons isashen kuzari don karyewa da gudana. Da dumi duminsa, ana samun ƙarin masu ɗaukar kaya,sosai boosting conductivity.

A cikin ƙarin fahimta, conductivity yana ƙaruwa sosai, sau da yawa yana ninka kowane 10-15 ° C a cikin jeri na yau da kullun.Wannan yana taimakawa aiki a cikin matsakaicin zafi amma yana iya haifar da al'amura idan yayi zafi sosai (yawan zubewa), alal misali, kwamfutar na iya faɗuwa idan guntu da aka gina tare da na'urar daukar hoto ta yi zafi zuwa babban zafin jiki.

3. A cikin Electrolytes (Liquids ko Gels a cikin Batura): haɓakawa yana inganta tare da zafi

Wasu mutane suna mamakin yadda zafin jiki ke shafar maganin tafiyar da wutar lantarki, kuma ga wannan sashe. Electrolytes suna gudanar da ions suna motsawa ta hanyar bayani, yayin da sanyi ke sa ruwa ya yi kauri da kasala, yana haifar da jinkirin motsi na ions. Tare da hauhawar zafin jiki, ruwan yana samun ƙarancin danko, don haka ions suna yaduwa da sauri kuma suna ɗaukar cajin da kyau.

Gabaɗaya, ƙaddamarwa yana ƙaruwa da 2-3% a kowace 1 ° C yayin da komai ke samun ƙarshensa. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya karu da fiye da 40 ° C, ƙaddamarwa yana raguwa da ~ 30%.

Kuna iya gano wannan ka'ida a cikin ainihin duniya, kamar tsarin kamar batura suna caji da sauri cikin zafi, amma haɗarin lalacewa idan ya yi zafi sosai.

II. Shin zafin jiki yana shafar yanayin zafi?

Ƙunƙarar zafin jiki, ma'aunin yadda zafi ke tafiya cikin sauƙi ta hanyar abu, yawanci yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi a yawancin daskararru, kodayake yanayin ya bambanta dangane da tsarin kayan da kuma yadda ake ɗaukar zafi.

A cikin karafa, zafi yana gudana musamman ta hanyar electrons kyauta. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, ƙwayoyin zarra suna rawar jiki da ƙarfi, suna warwatsa waɗannan electrons kuma suna tarwatsa hanyarsu, wanda ke rage ƙarfin kayan don canja wurin zafi da kyau.

A cikin insulators na crystalline, zafi yana tafiya ta hanyar girgizar atomic da aka sani da phonons. Maɗaukakin yanayi yana haifar da waɗannan firgita don ƙara ƙarfi, yana haifar da haɗuwa akai-akai tsakanin atom da faɗuwar zafin zafi.

A cikin gas, duk da haka, akasin haka yana faruwa. Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, kwayoyin suna motsawa da sauri kuma suna yin karo akai-akai, suna canza makamashi tsakanin haɗuwa da kyau; saboda haka, thermal conductivity yana ƙaruwa.

A cikin polymers da ruwaye, haɓaka kaɗan ya zama ruwan dare tare da hauhawar zafin jiki. Yanayin zafi yana ba da damar sarƙoƙi na ƙwayoyin cuta don motsawa cikin 'yanci da rage danko, yana sauƙaƙa zafi don wucewa ta cikin kayan.

III. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki

Shin akwai dangantaka tsakanin zafin zafin jiki da wutar lantarki? Kuna iya yin mamaki game da wannan tambayar. A haƙiƙa, akwai haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin wutar lantarki da haɓakar zafi, duk da haka wannan haɗin yana da ma'ana kawai ga wasu nau'ikan kayan, kamar ƙarfe.

1. Dangantaka mai karfi tsakanin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki

Don tsantsar karafa (kamar jan karfe, azurfa, da zinariya), ƙa'ida mai sauƙi ta shafi:Idan abu yana da kyau sosai wajen tafiyar da wutar lantarki, yana da kyau sosai wajen gudanar da zafi.Wannan ka'ida ta dogara ne akan abin da ya faru na raba wutar lantarki.

A cikin karafa, duka wutar lantarki da zafi suna ɗauke da su da farko ta hanyar barbashi iri ɗaya: electrons kyauta. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana haifar da haɓakar haɓakar thermal a wasu lokuta.

Domindalantarkikwarara,lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki, waɗannan na'urori masu kyauta suna tafiya ta hanya ɗaya, suna ɗauke da cajin lantarki.

Idan aka zodazafikwarara, Ƙarfe ɗaya na ƙarfe yana da zafi, ɗayan kuma yana da sanyi, kuma waɗannan nau'in electrons masu kyauta suna tafiya da sauri a cikin yankin zafi kuma suna shiga cikin ƙananan electrons, suna canja wurin makamashi (zafi) zuwa yankin sanyi.

Wannan tsarin da aka raba yana nufin cewa idan ƙarfe yana da ɗimbin electrons na wayar hannu (wanda ya sa ya zama mafi kyawun jagorar lantarki), waɗannan na'urorin lantarki kuma suna aiki a matsayin "masu ɗaukar zafi," wanda aka siffanta ta bisa ka'ida.daWiedemann-FranzDoka.

2. Alakar rauni tsakanin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki

Dangantakar da ke tsakanin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki tana raguwa a cikin kayan da ake ɗaukar caji da zafi ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

IV. Conductivity vs chloride: bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci

Duk da yake duka wutar lantarki da kuma maida hankali na chloride sune mahimman sigogi a cikinazarin ingancin ruwa, suna auna kaddarorin asali daban-daban.

Gudanarwa

Conductivity wani ma'auni ne na iyawar mafita don watsa wutar lantarki. It aunawajimlar taro na duk narkar da ionsa cikin ruwa, wanda ya haɗa da ions (cations) da kuma ions (anions).

Duk ions, kamar chloride (Cl^-sodium (Na⁺calcium (Ca²⁺), bicarbonate, da sulfate, suna ba da gudummawa ga jimlar gudanarwar ma sauƙaƙe a cikin microSiemens da centimita (µS/cm) ko milliSiemens da centimita (mS/cm).

Haɓakawa shine mai sauri, mai nuna alama gabaɗayanaJimlarNarkar da Ƙarfafa(TDS) da tsaftar ruwa gabaɗaya ko gishiri.

 Matsalolin Chloride (Cl^-)

Matsakaicin chloride shine takamaiman ma'auni na kawai chloride anion da ke cikin maganin.Yana aunawayawan adadin ions chloride kawai(Cl^-) yanzu, sau da yawa ana samun su daga gishiri kamar sodium chloride (NaCl) ko calcium chloride (CaCl).₂).

Ana yin wannan ma'aunin ta amfani da takamaiman hanyoyi kamar titration (misali, Hanyar Argentometric) ko na'urorin zaɓin ion (ISEs)a milligrams kowace lita (mg/L) ko sassa da miliyan (ppm).

Matakan chloride suna da mahimmanci don tantance yuwuwar lalata a cikin tsarin masana'antu (kamar tukunyar jirgi ko hasumiya mai sanyaya) da kuma lura da kutsewar salinity a cikin ruwan sha.

A taƙaice, chloride yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka aiki, amma ƙaddamarwa bai keɓance ga chloride ba.Idan ƙaddamarwar chloride ya karu, jimlar watsin zai karu.Duk da haka, idan jimlar watsin ya karu, zai iya zama saboda karuwa a cikin chloride, sulfate, sodium, ko duk wani haɗin ions.

Sabili da haka, ɗawainiya yana aiki azaman kayan aikin nunawa mai amfani (misali, idan ƙarfin aiki yayi ƙasa, mai yuwuwar chloride yayi ƙasa da ƙasa), amma don saka idanu akan chloride musamman don lalata ko dalilai na tsari, dole ne a yi amfani da gwajin sinadarai da aka yi niyya.