Mitar Haɗin Wutar Lantarki: Cikakken Jagora don Masu farawa

A cikin yanayin zamani na kula da inganci, kula da muhalli, da masana'antu na musamman, ikon tantance abubuwan da ke tattare da ruwa daidai yake da mahimmanci.Wutar lantarki(EC) yana tsaye a matsayin ma'auni na asali, yana ba da haske mai mahimmanci ga jimillar narkar da kayan ionic a cikin mafita. Thelantarki watsin mita(EC Mita) ita ce kayan aikin nazari mai mahimmanci da ake amfani da shi don ƙididdige wannan kadarorin.

Wannan cikakken jagorar an tsara shi don ƙwararru da masu farawa iri ɗaya, yana ba da ƙaƙƙarfan rugujewar ka'idojin mita EC, ayyuka, daidaitawa, da aikace-aikace iri-iri, tabbatar da cewa masu farawa za su iya haɗa wannan mahimmancin dabarar aunawa cikin ayyukansu na aiki.

Kundin Abubuwan da ke ciki:

1. Menene Ayyukan Wutar Lantarki?

2. Menene Mitar Gudanar da Wutar Lantarki?

3. Menene Ka'idar Aiki na Mitar Canjin Lantarki?

4. Menene Mitar Gudanar da Wutar Lantarki Ke Aunawa?

5. Duk Nau'in Mitar Canjin Lantarki

6. Yadda Ake Daidaita Mitar Canjin Lantarki?

7. Faɗin Aikace-aikace na Mitar Haɗin Wutar Lantarki

8. Menene Bambanci Tsakanin Mitar Canjin Wutar Lantarki da Mitar pH?

I. Menene Haɗin Wutar Lantarki?

Wutar lantarki(κ) shine ma'aunin ikon wani abu don watsa wutar lantarki. A cikin hanyoyin ruwa mai ruwa, ana samun wannan watsa ba ta hanyar electrons kyauta ba (kamar a cikin karafa) amma ta motsin ions da aka narkar da su. Lokacin da aka narkar da gishiri, acid, ko tushe a cikin ruwa, suna rarrabuwa zuwa cations da aka caje da kyau da kuma anions masu muni. Waɗannan ɓangarorin da aka caji suna ba da damar mafita don gudanar da wutar lantarki.

Gabaɗaya, conductivity (σ) ana bayyana shi ta hanyar lissafi azaman ma'aunin juriya (ρ), yana nuna ƙarfin abu don gudanar da wutar lantarki (σ = 1/ρ).

Don mafita, ƙaddamarwa yana dogara ne kai tsaye akan ƙaddamar da ion; kawai,babban taro na ions na wayar hannu kai tsaye yana haifar da haɓakawa mafi girma.

Yayin da daidaitattun naúrar ƙasa da ƙasa (SI Unit) don haɓakawa shine Siemens a kowace mita (S/m), a aikace-aikace masu amfani.kamarnazarin ingancin ruwada binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, ƙimar micro-Siemens da centimita (µS/cm) ko milli-Siemens da centimita (mS/cm) sunemafi na kowa kuma yadu amfani.

II. Menene Mitar Gudanar da Wutar Lantarki?

An lantarki watsin mitadaidaitaccen na'urar tantancewa ce da aka ƙera don auna ƙarfin aiki na mafita, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar amfani da filin lantarki da ƙididdige sakamakon gudanawar yanzu.

Kayan aikin yawanci ya ƙunshi manyan raka'a masu aiki guda uku:

1. Tantanin halitta (probe/electrode):Wannan shine firikwensin da ke tuntuɓar mafita da aka yi niyya. Ya ƙunshi na'urorin lantarki biyu ko fiye (sau da yawa ana yin su da platinum, graphite, ko bakin karfe) waɗanda ke rabu da tsayayyen nesa.

2. Naúrar mita:Wannan shine bangaren lantarki wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki (AC) da sarrafa siginar firikwensin.

3. Ma'aunin zafin jiki:Ana haɗa wannan abin da ake buƙata sau da yawa a cikin bincike don auna zafin samfurin don daidaitaccen diyya.

Mitar EC tana ba da mahimman bayanan da ake buƙata don gudanar da matakai inda narkar da daskararru ke da mahimmanci, kamar tsabtace ruwa da masana'antar sinadarai.

III. Menene Ƙa'idar Aiki na Mitar Canjin Lantarki?

Ƙa'idar aunawa ta dogara ne akan alakar da ke tsakanin gudanarwa da juriya, wanda ke daidaitawa ta madaidaicin lissafi. Anan, bari mu bincika ainihin matakan auna tare:

1. AC Voltage aikace-aikace:Mitar tana aiki daidai, sanannen madaurin wutar lantarki na halin yanzu (AC) a tsakanin wayoyin lantarki guda biyu a cikin binciken, wanda ke hana polarization da lalata saman filayen lantarki.

2. Aunawa na yanzu:Mitar tafiyar da wutar lantarki tana auna girman halin yanzu (I) wanda ke gudana ta hanyar maganin, kuma wannan halin yanzu yana daidai da yawan ions na wayar hannu.

3. Lissafin aiki:Ana ƙididdige ikon sarrafa wutar lantarki (G) na mafita tsakanin faranti biyu ta amfani da tsarin da aka sake tsarawa na Dokar Ohm: G = I/V.

4. Ƙaddamar da aiki:Don samun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun aiki (G) ana ninka ta tantanin tantanin halitta na bincike (K): κ = G · K. Ƙimar tantanin halitta (K) ƙayyadaddun yanayin lissafi ne da aka ayyana ta nisa (d) tsakanin electrodes da tasirin su mai tasiri (A), K = d/A.

Gudanarwa yana da matukar damuwa ga zafin jiki; haɓakar 1 ° C na iya haɓaka karatun da kusan 2-3%. Don tabbatar da kwatankwacin sakamako a duniya, duk ƙwararrun mitoci na EC suna amfani da Matsalolin Zazzabi Na atomatik (ATC).

Mitar tana yin nuni da ƙimar da ake auna ƙarfin aiki zuwa madaidaicin zafin jiki, yawanci 25°C, ta amfani da ƙayyadaddun ma'aunin zafin jiki, tabbatar da ƙimar da aka ruwaito tayi daidai ba tare da la'akari da ainihin zafin samfurin yayin aunawa ba.

IV. Menene Mitar Gudanar da Wutar Lantarki ke Aunawa?

Yayin da mahimmancin fitowar mita EC shineWutar Lantarki, Ana amfani da wannan karatun akai-akai don ƙididdigewa ko ƙididdige wasu mahimman sigogin ingancin ruwa a cikin nau'ikan tsire-tsire na masana'antu:

1. Wutar Lantarki (EC):Ma'aunin kai tsaye, wanda aka ruwaito a cikin µS/cm ko mS/cm.

2. Jimillar Narkar da Ruwa (TDS): TDSyana wakiltar jimillar narkar da kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta a kowace juzu'in ruwa, yawanci ana bayyana su a cikin mg/L ko sassa akan miliyan (ppm). Tun da EC yana da alaƙa da ƙarfi tare da abun ciki na ionic (mafi girman juzu'in TDS), mitar EC na iya samar da ƙimar ƙimar TDS ta amfani da ma'aunin juyi (TDS Factor), yawanci daga 0.5 zuwa 0.7.

3. Salinity:Don ruwa mai laushi, ruwan teku, da brines na masana'antu, EC shine farkon abin da ke tabbatar da salinity, wanda shine jimillar duk gishirin da aka narkar da cikin ruwa, yawanci ana ruwaitowa a cikin PSU (Practical Salinity Units) ko sassa akan dubu.

V. Duk nau'ikan Mita Masu Haɓaka Wutar Lantarki

An tsara mita EC a cikin jeri daban-daban don saduwa da takamaiman buƙatun daidaito, motsi, da ci gaba da sa ido, kuma a nan nedagama gariiri conductivitymitacewaana yawan gani a cikin nau'ikan wuraren masana'antu:

VI. Yadda Ake Daidaita Mitar Canjin Wutar Lantarki?

Daidaitawa na yau da kullun wajibi ne don kiyaye daidaito da amincin kowane tsarin ma'aunin EC. Daidaitawa yana daidaita martanin mita zuwa sanannun ƙididdiga, yana tabbatar da kullun tantanin halitta (K).

Daidaitaccen Tsarin Daidaitawa:

1. Daidaitaccen Zaɓi:Zaɓi bokanconductivity misali bayani(misali, potassium chloride (KCl) mafita tare da sanannun dabi'u kamar 1413 µS/cm ko 12.88 mS/cm) wanda ke madaidaicin kewayon samfurin da kuke tsammani.

2. Shirye-shiryen Bincike:Kurkura wutar lantarki sosai tare da ruwa mai lalacewa (DI) sannan tare da ƙaramin adadin daidaitaccen bayani don daidaita saman. Boye bushe da takarda maras lint; kar a shafa da karfi.

3. Aunawa:Zuba binciken gaba daya cikin daidaitaccen bayani, tabbatar da cewa babu kumfa da ke makale a kusa da filayen lantarki. Bada yanayin zafi ya daidaita.

4. Gyara:Fara aikin daidaita mita. Na'urar za ta karanta ƙayyadaddun ƙima ta atomatik kuma a ciki ta daidaita sigoginta (ko sa mai amfani ya shigar da sananne daidaitaccen ƙimar).

5. Tabbatarwa:Don ingantaccen aiki, tabbatar da daidaitawa ta amfani da na biyu, daidaitaccen bayani.

VII. Faɗin Aikace-aikace na Mitar Canjin Lantarki

Aikace-aikacen ma'aunin EC sun yadu kuma suna da mahimmanci a cikin sassa daban-daban:

1. Tsarkake Ruwa:Kula da ingancin Reverse Osmosis (RO) da tsarin deionization. Ƙarfafawar ruwa mai tsafta shine ma'auni kai tsaye na ingancinsa (ƙananan µS/cm yana nuna babban tsarki).

2. Kimiyyar Muhalli:Ƙimar lafiya gabaɗaya da gishirin jikunan ruwa na halitta (koguna, tafkuna, ruwan ƙasa), galibi ana amfani da su azaman manuniya na yuwuwar gurɓata ko kwararar ma'adinai.

3. Noma da Noma:Sarrafa dana gina jiki bayani maida hankalia cikin hydroponics da hadi. Lafiyar tsire-tsire tana da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa matakin EC na ruwan ciyarwa.

4. Sarrafa Tsarin Masana'antu:Daidaita zagayowar busawa a cikin hasumiya mai sanyaya da tukunyar jirgi don hana sikeli da lalata ta hanyar kiyaye yawan narkar da daskararru a cikin iyakoki masu karbuwa.

5. Abinci da Abin sha:Gudanar da inganci, ana amfani da shi don auna yawan abubuwan sinadaran (misali, gishiri a cikin maganin brine ko tattarawar acid a cikin abubuwan sha).

VIII. Menene Bambanci Tsakanin Mitar Canjin Wutar Lantarki da Mitar pH?

Duk da yake duka biyun kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci don nazarin ruwa, mita EC dathepH mitama'anaureasali daban-daban halaye na mafita:

A cikin cikakken bincike na ruwa, duka sigogi suna da mahimmanci. Misali, yayin da babban aiki ya gaya muku cewa akwai ions da yawa, pH yana gaya muku idan waɗannan ions galibi suna ba da gudummawa ga acidity ko alkalinity.